Japan - Wikitravel. Japan. Location. Flag. Quick Facts. Capital. Tokyo. Government parliamentary democracy with constitutional emperor. Currency Yen (. Ten days' worth of rice in my bag; a bundle of twigs in my fireplace. Why chatter about delusion and enlightenment? ![]()
![]() Listening to the night rain on my roof, I sit comfortably, with both legs stretched out. Japanese culture stretches back millennia, yet has also been quick to adopt and created the latest modern fashions and trends. It can seem full of contradictions. Many Japanese corporations dominate their industries, yet if you read the financial news it seems like Japan is practically bankrupt. Cities are as modern and high tech as anywhere else, but tumbledown wooden shacks can still be spotted next to glass fronted designer condominiums. On an average subway ride, you might see childishly cute character toys and incredibly violent pornography - sometimes enjoyed by the same passenger, at the same time! Japan has beautiful temples and gardens which are often surrounded by garish signs and ugly buildings. The most acclaimed restaurant in the country, which costs hundreds of dollars for dinner, is a small shop located in a subway station seating less than a dozen people. The name of Penang comes from the modern Malay name Pulau Pinang, which means 'the island of the areca nut palm' (Areca catechu of the Palmae family). Sexual slavery is slavery for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Sexual slavery may involve single-owner sexual slavery; ritual slavery, sometimes associated with. In the middle of modern skyscrapers you’ll discover sliding wooden doors which lead to traditional chambers with tatami mats, shoji screens, and calligraphy, suitable for traditional tea ceremonies. These juxtapositions can seem perplexing or jarring to those used to the more uniform nature of European and North American cities, but if you let go, and accept the layered aesthetics, you’ll find interesting and surprising places throughout the country. Japan was the first Asian country to independently modernize, and the country continues to embrace new technologies and aesthetics, but unlike in many countries, Japan does not feel a particular need to attack or remove older technologies, structures, or practices. New things are mostly just layered beside old things. That’s not to say that Japan embraces the large scale preservation of historical structures or that people generally practice traditional ceremonies, but people generally believe that if a small number of people want to continue on a tradition or preserve a building that they own, they should be allowed to do that. ![]() ![]() In this way, development mostly happens in a piecemeal fashion, one building at a time, rather than in large redevelopment projects. Many urban blocks evolve to line up dozens of narrow buildings spanning fifty or more years of design history. Clothing styles evolve along a dozen paths at the same time rather than singular mass fashion trends. An individual that embraces a particular subculture and its fashions may alternately conform to vary different norms when working or at home, but there is little sense of conflict between these roles. Just close enough to mainland Asia, yet far enough to keep itself separate, much of Japanese history has seen alternating periods of closure and openness. Until recently, Japan has been able to turn on or off its connection to the rest of the world, accepting foreign cultural influences in fits and starts. It is comparable with the relationship between Britain and the rest of Europe, but with a much wider channel. Archaeological evidence, however, has only managed to trace the Imperial line back to the Kofun Period during the 3rd to 7th centuries CE, which was also when the Japanese first had significant contact with China and Korea. Japan then gradually became a centralized state during the Asuka Period, during which Japan extensively absorbed many aspects of Chinese culture, and saw the introduction of Mahayana Buddhism and Confucianism. The popular board game of Go is also believed to have been introduced to Japan during this period. This period, dubbed the Nara Period was the last time the emperor actually held political power, with power eventually falling into the hands of the court nobles during the Heian Period, when the capital was moved to Kyoto, then known as Heian- Kyo, which remained the Japanese imperial residence until the 1. Chinese influence also reached its peak during the early Heian Period, which saw Buddhism become a popular religion among the masses. This was then followed by the Kamakura Period, when the samurai managed to gain political power. Minamoto no Yoritomo, the most powerful of them, was dubbed shogun by the emperor and ruled from his base in Kamakura. The Muromachi Period then saw the Ashikaga shogunate come to power, ruling from their base in Ashikaga. Japan then descended into the anarchy of the Warring States period in the 1. Tokugawa Ieyasu finally reunified the country in 1. Airline Booking: Gate 1 offers a choice of airlines and airfares for your convenience, but is not responsible for the services and policies imposed by the airline. ![]() Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal state ruled from Edo, or modern- day Tokyo. A strict caste system was imposed, with the Shogun and his samurai warriors at the top of the heap and no social mobility permitted. US Commodore Matthew Perry's Black Ships arrived in Yokohama in 1. West, resulting in the signing of unequal treaties and the collapse of the shogunate in the Meiji Restoration of 1. Kyoto to Edo, now re- named Tokyo. After observing Western colonization in Southeast Asia and the division and weakening of China, which the Japanese had for so long considered to be the world's greatest superpower, Japan vowed not to be overtaken by the West, launching itself headlong into a drive to industrialize and modernize at frantic speed. Adopting Western technology and culture wholesale, Japan's cities soon sprouted railways, brick buildings and factories, and even the disastrous Great Kanto Earthquake of 1. Tokyo and killed over 1. In 1. 94. 1, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, destroying a large portion of the US Pacific fleet but drawing America into the war, whose tide soon started to turn against Japan. By the time it was forced to surrender in 1. Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1. Japanese civilians and military personnel had died, well over 1. Chinese and other Asians had been killed, many in atrocities committed by the Japanese military machine, and Japan was occupied for the first time in its history. The Emperor kept his throne but lost his god- like position in the imposed constitution. Converted to pacifism and . The economy has yet to fully recover from its doldrums, with deflation driving down prices, an increasingly unsupportable burden of government debt (nearing 2. GDP) and an increasing polarization of Japanese society into . This has resulted in Japan losing its position as the world's second largest economy to its larger neighbour, China. The Japanese have one of the highest standards of living in the world. Almost 9. 9% of the population is of Japanese ethnicity. The largest minority are Koreans, around 1 million strong, many in their 3rd or 4th generation. There are also sizable populations of Chinese, Filipinos and Brazilians, although many are of Japanese descent. Though largely assimilated, the resident Chinese population maintains a presence in Japan's three Chinatowns in Kobe, Nagasaki and Yokohama. Indigenous ethnic minorities include the Ainu on Hokkaido, gradually driven north during the centuries and now numbering around 5. Ryukyuan people of Okinawa. Many Japanese are thrilled to have visitors to their country and are incredibly helpful to lost and bewildered- looking foreigners. Younger Japanese people are often extremely interested in meeting and becoming friends with foreigners as well. Do not be surprised if a Japanese person (usually of the opposite gender) approaches you in a public place and tries to initiate a conversation with you in somewhat coherent English. On the other hand, many are not used to dealing with foreigners (. Don't take this as racism or other xenophobia: they're just afraid that you'll try to address them in English and they'll be embarrassed because they can't understand or reply. A smile and a Konnichiwa (. While heavy Chinese influences are evident in traditional Japanese culture, it has also retained many native Japanese customs, resulting in a seemingly seamless blend. Japanese head home to their families (which means massive transport congestion), eat festive foods and head out to the neighborhood temple at the stroke of midnight to wish in the New Year. Many Japanese often travel to other countries as well, and prices for airfares are very high. The exact timing of the famously fleeting blossoms varies from year to year and Japan's TV channels follow the progress of the cherry blossom front from south to north obsessively. It is actually impossible to accurately predict when the blossoms will come out until about a month before they do, but there are several online sources to checks on the forecasts, such as by the JNTO, Weather Map, and Rurubu. To chase the blossoms, try looking at these sites from around February. Trains are crowded and flight and hotel prices are jacked up to multiples of normal prices, making this a bad time to travel in Japan, but the weeks immediately before or after Golden Week are excellent choices. It is also wisteria season, which is extremely beautiful. There are local festivals (. Everybody heads home to visit village graveyards, and transport is packed. If you are visiting a specific place, it may be wise to check to see what is coming up and when it is taking place. Holidays that fall on a weekend may be observed with a bank holiday on the following Monday. Keep in mind that most Japanese people take additional time off around New Year's, during Golden Week, and during Obon. The most important festival is New Year's Day, and many shops and restaurants close for at least 2 days during this period, so it might not be an ideal time to visit. However, convenience stores remains open, and many temples conduct New Year's Day fairs, so it's still not difficult to find food to eat. The current era is Heisei (. The year may be written as . Western years are also well understood and frequently used. Sexual slavery - Wikipedia. Sexual slavery is slavery for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Sexual slavery may involve single- owner sexual slavery; ritual slavery, sometimes associated with certain religious practices, such as ritual servitude in Ghana, Togo and Benin; slavery for primarily non- sexual purposes but where non- consensual sexual activity is common; or forced prostitution. Concubinage was a traditional form of sexual slavery in many cultures, in which women spent their lives in sexual servitude. In some cultures, concubines and their children had distinct rights and legitimate social positions. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action calls for an international effort to eradicate sexual slavery as an abuse of human rights. The incidence of sexual slavery by country has been studied and tabulated by UNESCO, with the cooperation of various international agencies. It also defines sexual enslavement as a war crime and a breach of the Geneva Conventions when committed during an international armed conflict (Article 8. Article(8. c. ii), but the courts jurisdiction over war crimes is explicitly excluded from including crimes committed during . Thus, the crime also includes forced marriages, domestic servitude or other forced labor that ultimately involves forced sexual activity. In contrast to the crime of rape, which is a completed offence, sexual slavery constitutes a continuing offence. Forms of sexual slavery can, for example, be practices such as the detention of women in . Sex trafficking is not the only form of human trafficking and estimates vary as to the percentage of human trafficking which is for the purpose of transporting someone into sexual slavery. The BBC News cited a report by UNODC as listing the most common destinations for victims of human trafficking in 2. Thailand, Japan, Israel, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Turkey and the US. The report lists Thailand, China, Nigeria, Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine as major sources of trafficked persons. The Youth Advocate Program International (YAPI) describes CSEC as a form of coercion and violence against children and a contemporary form of slavery. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object. Reflecting an attitude which prevails in many developing countries, a judge from Honduras said, on condition of anonymity: . As such, child pornography is often a visual record of child sexual abuse. Opinion in places such as Europe has been divided over the question of whether prostitution should be considered as a free choice or as inherently exploitative of women. The 1. 94. 9 Convention supersedes a number of earlier conventions that covered some aspects of forced prostitution. Signatories are charged with three obligations under the 1. Convention: prohibition of trafficking, specific administrative and enforcement measures, and social measures aimed at trafficked persons. The 1. 94. 9 Convention presents two shifts in perspective of the trafficking problem in that it views prostitutes as victims of the procurers, and in that it eschews the terms . Specifically, it was recognised that Muslim women in Fo. This ruling challenged the widespread acceptance of rape and sexual enslavement of women as intrinsic part of war. The charges were brought as crimes against humanity and war crimes. Furthermore, two of the men were found guilty of the crime against humanity of sexual enslavement for holding women and girls captive in a number of de facto detention centers. Many of the women had subsequently disappeared. Many Islamists see the abolition of slavery as forced upon Muslims by the West and want to revive the practice of slavery. Bride kidnapping has reportedly occurred in countries spanning Central Asia, the Caucasus region, parts of Africa, and among the Hmong in southeast Asia, the Tzeltal in Mexico, and the Romani in Europe. In some cases, the couple collude together to elope under the guise of a bride kidnapping, presenting their parents with a fait accompli. The Mongols, with captured women, are on the left, the Hungarians, with one saved woman, on the right. Bride kidnapping is distinguished from raptio in that the former refers to the abduction of one woman by one man (and/or his friends and relatives), and is often a widespread and ongoing practice. The latter refers to the large- scale abduction of women by groups of men, most frequently in a time of war (see also war rape). In Roman Catholiccanon law, raptio refers to the legal prohibition of matrimony if the bride was abducted forcibly (Canon 1. CIC). The practice of raptio is surmised to have existed since anthropological antiquity. In Neolithic Europe, excavation of a Linear Pottery culture site at Asparn- Schletz, Austria, unearthed the remains of numerous slain victims. Among them, young adult females and children were clearly under- represented, suggesting that perhaps the attackers had killed the men but abducted the young females. Ample references exist in literature, law, military reports and art. A prostitute (slave or free) existed outside the moral codex restricting sexuality in Greco- Roman society and enjoyed little legal protection. See Romans law on rape as an example. Male intercourse with a slave was not considered adultery by either society. During the Chinese domination of Vietnam, Vietnamese girls were sold as sex slaves to the Chinese. Yue is an ancient calling of Zhejiang. So, Yue Girls means girls from Zhejiang instead of Vietnam slaves. In the 1. 6th and 1. Portuguese visitors and their South Asianlascar (and sometimes African) crewmembers often engaged in slavery in Japan, where they bought or captured young Japanese women and girls, who were either used as sexual slaves on their ships or taken to Macau and other Portuguese colonies in Southeast Asia, the Americas. The Dutch missionary Antonius Hambroek, two of his daughters, and his wife were among the Dutch prisoners of war with Koxinga. Koxinga sent Hambroek to Fort Zeelandia demanding he persuade them to surrender or else Hambroek would be killed when he returned. Hambroek returned to the Fort, where two of his other daughters were. He urged the Fort not to surrender, and returned to Koxinga's camp. He was then executed by decapitation, and in addition to this, a rumor was spreading among the Chinese that the Dutch were encouraging the native Taiwan aboriginals to kill Chinese, so Koxinga ordered the mass execution of Dutch male prisoners in retaliation, in addition to a few women and children also being killed. The surviving Dutch women and children were then turned into slaves. Koxinga took Hambroek's teenage daughter as a concubine. Happy was she that fell to the lot of an unmarried man, being thereby freed from vexations by the Chinese women, who are very jealous of their husbands. There was also a network of prostitutes from continental Europe being trafficked to India, Ceylon, Singapore, China and Japan at around the same time, in what was then known as the ’White Slave Traffic’. Gone- to- China. Gone Abroad. In the 1. 9th and early 2. Japanese prostitutes being trafficked across Asia, in countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Singapore and British India, in what was then known as the ’Yellow Slave Traffic’. They were often sent to Western colonies in Asia where there was a strong demand from Western military personnel and Chinese men. Some Korean women claim that these cases should be judged by an international tribunal as child sex violence. The legal demand has been made because of the victims' anger at what they see as the inequity of the existing legal measures and the denial of Japan's involvement in child sex slavery and kidnapping. On 2. 8 December 2. Japan and South Korea agreed that Japan would pay 1 billion Yen into a fund for a Memorial Hall of comfort women. They demand that Japan and Korea did not seek both the legal recognition of their claim and the revision of Japanese history textbooks. Concubinage and reproduction served as incentives for importing female slaves (often European), though many were also imported mainly for performing household tasks. It was particularly associated with accounts of women enslaved in Middle Eastern harems, such as the so- called Circassian beauties. Leger Eberle, a controversial sculpture meant to depict modern western sexual enslavement. In Victorian. Britain, campaigning journalist William Thomas Stead, editor of the Pall Mall Gazette, procured a 1. Moral panic over the . At the time, . The ensuing outcry led to the passage of antislavery legislation in Parliament. Parliament passed the 1. Criminal Law Amendment Act, raising the age of consent from thirteen to sixteen in that year. These claims, and the panic they inflamed, led to the passage of the United States White- Slave Traffic Act of 1. It also banned the interstate transport of females for immoral purposes. Its primary intent was to address prostitution and immorality. Immigration inspectors expressed frustration at the ineffectiveness of questioning in determining if a European woman was a prostitute, and claimed that many were . They were also accused of negligence should they accept a fictitious address from an immigrant or accept less- than- complete responses. Inspector Helen Bullis investigated several homes of assignment in the Tenderloin district of New York, and found brothels existed in the early 2. New York City. She compiled a list of houses of prostitutes, their proprietors, and their . In a report by the Commissioner General of Immigration in 1. Commissioner said that many prostitutes would intentionally marry American men to secure citizenship. He said that for prostitutes, it was . As an example of this in American culture, the musical comedy Thoroughly Modern Millie features a Chinese- run prostitution ring, which is specifically referred to as . The gangster movie Prime Cut has mid- West white slaves sold like cattle.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |